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60 SCIPAD - BIG IDEAS - BOOK 2
BASIS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
11. The following word equation shows the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium
hydroxide.
Hydrochloric acid + magnesium hydroxide magnesium chloride + water
(a) In a chemical equation, like the one above, what name is given to those chemicals
that you start with?
(b) What name is given to the chemicals that are produced in the chemical reaction?
(c) What does the arrow represent?
12. When an acid dissolves in water it releases an ion. Name the ion.
13. Explain why scientists use indicator solutions.
14. Complete the following paragraph about the pH scale.
The scale is used to how acidic or basic a solution is.
A very strong acid will have a pH of about and a strong base will have a
pH of about . Solutions such as pure water have a pH of 7, meaning
they are .
15. Match the correct description to each pH number.
pH 9 • • weakly basic
pH 14
•
• neutral
pH 7 • • strongly basic
pH 1 • • weakly acidic
pH 5 • • strongly acidic
16. Name the salts produced by each of the acids.
(a) Hydrochloric acid produces salts.
(b) Sulfuric acid produces salts.
(c) Nitric acid produces salts.
17. Name the salts produced in the following reactions.
(a) Sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide: Sodium sulfate
(b) Hydrochloric acid + magnesium hydroxide:
(c) Nitric acid + iron hydroxide:
(d) Hydrochloric acid + zinc hydroxide:
(e) Sulfuric acid + sodium hydroxide:
18. Describe how you could produce sodium chloride crystals using solutions of hydrochloric
acid and sodium hydroxide.
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