Page 251 - Big Ideas Year 10 sciPAD 2025
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SCIPAD - BIG IDEAS - BOOK 2
EARTH SYSTEMS
9. Complete the following paragraphs by filling in the missing words. Use the word list provided.
limestone - magma - resistant - pressure - granite
large - deposited - basalt - cement - solidifies - small - pressure
rivers - closer - shale - slate - harder - eroded
Igneous Rocks: These are rocks formed from 				 (molten rock)
that has been forced up into the Earth’s crust. Here it cools and 		 ,
either on the surface making an extrusive igneous rock (for example ),
or inside the Earth making an intrusive igneous rock (for example 			 ). If
the molten rock cools quickly then 				 crystals are formed. If it cools
slowly (as happens in a large mass of molten rock inside the crust) then crystals
are formed.
Sedimentary Rocks: After uplifting, rocks can be 				 and small rock
fragments (sediment) are carried by 				 to the sea. Here the fragments
are 				 in layers on the seabed, together with tiny sea creatures.
Layers build up putting 				 on the lower layers. This causes
the grains of sediment to 					 together. This takes millions of
years. Eventually rocks such as 					 are formed.
Metamorphic Rocks: If sedimentary rock is heated within the Earth the heat causes the
sedimentary rock to change in structure. 					 can also force
the grains of sedimentary rock 				 together. This makes the
sedimentary rock (e.g. 					 ) turn into a metamorphic rock
(e.g.					 ). Metamorphic rocks are usually
and more 				 to erosion than sedimentary rocks.
10. (a) Label the main features of the volcano shown below.
(b) State the term used to describe a fast moving, super-heated cloud of gas and ash
moving down the sides of a volcano during an eruption. 





































































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